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28-70mm Intro Specs Performance Recommendations Nikon AF Nikkor 28-70mm f/3.5-4.5D (FX, DX and 35mm coverage, 52mm filters, 9-blade diaphragm, 12.4 oz./353g, 1.3'/0.4 m close focus, about $80 used). enlarge. This free website's biggest source of support is when you use these links, especially this link directly to them at eBay (see How to Win at eBay) or at Adorama, when you get anything, regardless of the country in which you live. Thanks! Ken.
Sample Image American Flag, Lucia, California, 11:51 AM, 19 June 2010. bigger. (NIKON D3, Auto ISO 200, Nikon 28-70mm f/3.5-4.5 AF-D at 70mm, Professional exposure (P) mode chose f/11 at 1/500, hand-held. Details.)
July 2012 Nikon Reviews Nikon Lenses All Reviews
Ideal Uses: Perfect for use on FX digital and 35mm. Not for: I wouldn't bother with this on a DX camera. I'd use any DX lens, like the 18-55 VR kit lens, instead. Manual focus and everything else works fine, but his lens won't autofocus with the cheapest D40, D40x, D60, D3000, D3100, D3200, D5000 or D5100.
Introduction top Intro Specs Performance Recommendations
My Nikon 28-70mm is one of my very favorite Nikon lenses because of its small size and weight, handy zoom and macro ranges, perfect ergonomics, a real 9-bladed diaphragm, and it's plenty sharp on my newest 36 MP FX D800 and D800E. All Nikon's recent cameras like the D90, D3100, D3200, D5000, D5100, D7000, D4, D800 and D800E already have this lens' data in them for distortion correction in-camera! When new, it was the standard lens kitted with the Nikon F100, until it was replaced by the newer 28-105mm AF-D. This 28-70 is a very compact and high quality midrange zoom. It works great on FX digital and 35mm Nikons, as well as most DX cameras. This little gem was introduced to allow people to use a camera's built-in flash even at 28mm. Previous lenses, like the excellent 28-85mm f/3.5-4.5 AF were so big that the lens would cast a shadow into the image from a camera's built-in flash at 28mm. This 28-70 is the fastest and best super-compact midrange zoom ever made by Nikon. All the others made later this size were crappy plastic-mount f/5.6 designs, or got bigger for the same quality or speed. This was Nikon's first hybrid aspherical lens, which is why it gives such great performance in such a small package. This was a $500 lens in the 1990s ($350 before inflation). Every other aspherical Nikon lens before this cost over $1,000, so this was a groundbreaker for Nikon.
This is a traditional AF (screw) type lens and works on almost every camera Nikon has made since 1959. This is an FX lens, and works especially well with on FX, 35mm and DX Nikons like the D4, D800, D800E, D7000, D700, D3X, D300s and F6. It works fantastically on manual-focus cameras like the F2AS, F3, FE and FA, since it has real manual-focus and aperture rings that work exactly as they should. It works great with almost every film and digital Nikon camera made since 1977. If you have a coupling prong added to the diaphragm ring, it's perfect with every Nikon back to the original Nikon F of 1959. The only incompatibility is that it will not autofocus with the cheapest D40, D40x, D60, D3000, D3100, D3200, D5000 or D5100, but if you focus manually, everything else works great. These cameras have in-finder focus confirmation dots to help you. See Nikon Lens Compatibility for details on your camera. Read down the "AF, AF-D (screw)" column for this lens.
1991-1992 The first version of this 28-70 appears. It's the same thing as the next "D" version, without the D feature. Nikon made about 100,000 of this non-D version.
1992-1999 Nikon added the "D," or distance-coupling, feature. This helps get more accurate flash exposure, and allows the newest D90, D3100, D3200, D5000, D5100, D7000, D4, D800 and D800E DSLRs to correct the distortion automatically in-camera! Nikon made about 250,000 of this version. My lens seen here was made about March 1998. In 1999 this compact 28-70mm lens was replaced by the bigger 28-105mm AF-D,
* At full NYC discount. Very few people bought their lenses this inexpensively back then. ** USA/gray.
Specifications top Intro Specs Performance Recommendations
Name Nikon calls this the Nikon AF NIKKOR 28-70mm f/3.5-4.5 D. AF: Autofocus. NIKKOR: NIkon's brand name for their lenses. D: Sends focus distance information to the metering system. Aspherical: Specially shaped elements greatly improve sharpness at large apertures, in the corners and allow for a much smaller lens. All this and more explained in greater depth on my Nikon Lens Technology page.
Focal Length 28-70mm. Used on a DX camera it gives angles of view similar to what a 43-107mm lens would give on an FX or 35mm film camera. See also Crop Factor.
Maximum Aperture f/3.5 - 4.5.
Optics 8 elements in 7 groups. One of these is a hybrid aspherical element, meaning Nikon glues a very thin piece of aspherical plastic to a conventional glass element to give it an aspheric shape at a price of under $1,000.
Diaphragm Exquisite 9-bladed diaphragm (shown at 50mm at f/5.6). 9 straight blades. Stops down to f/22-29. Nikon reserved 9 bladed diaphragms for their very best lenses. 9 blades gives a circular aperture at every setting, and the reason I care is that I get incredible 18-pointed sunstars.
Close Focus 1.3' or 0.4m from the image plane (the back of the camera), marked, at every focal length without any need for a macro switch.
Maximum Reproduction Ratio 1:4.6.
Infrared Focus Indices Yes, at 28 and 70mm.
Filter Size 52 mm. Yay! This has been Nikon's standard small filter size since 1959, making it trivial to carry and buy many filters. This is the same size as most manual focus and small AF lenses, although most of today's larger lenses use larger sized filters.
Hood HB-6 plastic bayonet. I have no problem with flare, so I don't bother with a hood.
Size Nikon specifies 2.7" (67.5 mm) diameter by 2.8" (71 mm) long. Set to 50mm and focused at infinity, mine measures 2.666" diameter and extends 2.779" from the mounting flange (67.72 x 70.59mm). The front group extends as you zoom away from 50mm, and the front group also extends as it's focused more closely. It's the longest at 28mm and the closest focus distance. The front group extends an additional 8.23mm when focused at 0.4m. From the 50mm setting, the front group extends an additional 3.77 at the 70mm setting and extends an additional 12.65mm at the 28mm setting. Therefore, set to 28mm and focused at 0.4m, the Nikon 28-70mm f/3.5 grows an additional 12.65 + 3.77 = 16.42mm, or extends a total of 87.01mm from the lens flange:
Nikon AF 28-70mm f/3.5-4.5, set to 28mm and its closest focus distance.
Weight 12.450 oz. (352.9g), measured. 12.5 oz (350g) specified by Nikon.
Made in Japan.
Performance top Intro Specs Performance Recommendations Overall Auto and Manual Focus Distortion Ergonomics Falloff Filters Focus Breathing Ghosts Color Fringes Macro Maximum Aperture Mechanics Sharpness
Overall performance top The 28-70mm is one of Nikon's smallest and easiest lenses to use, and offers great quality on the D800 and D800E when stopped down a stop.
Autofocus performance top The Nikon 28-70mm f/3.5-4.5 AF focuses continuously down to 1.3 feet (0.4m) at every setting. I wish every lens worked this well; it needs no separate "macro" range.
AF Speed AF speed is on the slow side of normal. One full turn of the AF screw focuses the lens from infinity to 8.'
AF Accuracy Autofocus is dead-on. My first sample was a little off at 70mm on my F100, but as of 2007 my newest sample is right-on on my D800E, F6 and D200.
Manual Focus Cameras The 28-70mm AF is easy to use on manual focus cameras. Manual focus and zoom work great.
Distortion top Recent digital cameras like the D90, D3100, D3200, D5000, D5100, D7000, D4, D800 and D800E can be set to correct the distortion automatically in-camera!
On 35mm and FX digital cameras This lens has healthy barrel distortion at 28mm, and almost no distortion at 70mm. Even in the macro range there is no distortion at the tele end. In-camera correction does a great job from 35mm and longer, and it's pretty good even at 28mm. All this distortion is easy to correct fully with Photoshop's lens distortion filter using the factors below. These aren't facts or specifications, they are the results of my research that requires hours of photography and calculations on the resulting data.
© 2012 KenRockwell.com. All rights reserved. On DX digital cameras There is some minor barrel distortion at the wide end, and none at the tele end. When used on a DX digital camera, plug these figures into Photoshop CS2's lens distortion filter to correct the distortion:
Ergonomics performance top
Nikon 28-70 AF-D. Ergonomics are fantastic. The biggest reason I love this lens so much is its extraordinary zooming. One fingertip is all it takes to change the zoom when shooting one-handed, and the focal lengths are spread out so well that it's always easy to set a precise focal length, especially at the wide end. Most other zooms squeeze all the wide-angles too close together, making it much more difficult to zoom at the wide end, as there is on the AF-S 24-85mm and 24-85 VR. So long as you don't need instant manual-focus override, focus is also perfect. You can focus all the way down to right in front of the lens at any focal length, no macro switches needed.
Falloff (darkened corners) performance top Falloff on FX is invisible, even without Vignette Correction. It will be even less of an issue on DX (see crop factor). I've exaggerated this by shooting a gray field and placing these on a gray background:
Filters, Use with performance top There is no problem with vignetting, even on FX, DX and 35mm with thick rotating filters or as many as two stacked normal filters (8.0mm total ring thickness excluding rear threads). If you have a vignetting problem, it gets worse as focused more closely, but I doubt you'll ever see it except on FX with at least three stacked filters. The filter ring rotates with focus but not with zoom.
Focus Breathing performance top Of interest mostly to cinematographers focusing back and forth between two subjects, the image from the Nikon 28-70 gets smaller as focused more closely.
Ghosts performance top There are some minor ghosts if the sun is in your image.
Lateral Color Fringes performance top There are very few lateral color fringes on the D800E, which correct them automatically. On the lower-resolution DX D200, there are none. At 28mm, there is some red-blue fringing only in the last millimeter of the far corners. There isn't any from 35-70mm, except for some very slight green-magenta at the side at 70mm.
Macro performance top It focuses very close, and it's sharp and undistorted at 70mm. At closest focus (1.3 feet/0.4m) at 70mm and f/8 on FX D800E at ISO 100.
Crop from above image at 100%. If this is 6" (15cm) wide on your screen, the entire image printed this size would br 6 x 4.5 feet (1.8 x 1.2 meters) wide!
Maximum and Minimum Apertures performance top
Mechanics performance top Rear, Nikon 28-70 AF-D. bigger. The Nikkor AF 28-70mm f/3.4-4.5 has mechanical quality typical for a $500 zoom from the 1990s. It's made of tougher plastic than today, with a metal mount. It's unusual for a Nikon zoom this small to be made this well.
Filter Threads Plastic.
Hood Plastic bayonet.
Hood Mount Plastic.
Barrel Exterior Plastic.
Focus Ring Plastic; rubber covered.
Zoom Ring Plastic; rubber covered.
Focus Helicoids Feel like plastic.
Depth-of-Field Scale None.
Internals Mostly plastic.
Aperture Ring Plastic.
Mount Dull-chromed brass.
Markings Paint.
Mounting Index Dot White painted line and black screw-head on mount.
Identity Painted on barrel.
Serial Number Laser engraved onto bottom rear of aperture ring.
Rain seal at mount No.
Noises When Shaken Lots of clicking.
Made in Japan.
Sharpness performance top Warning 1: Image sharpness depends more on you than your lens. Warning 2: Lens sharpness doesn't mean much to good photographers. With those caveats, the Nikon 28-70 AF-D is very sharp on a 36 MP FX D800E at the long end and stopped down to f/5.6 or smaller. It's less sharp wide-open at 28mm and in the corners at the wide end
On the D800E At 28mm Wide open, it's sharp but veiled all over due to spherical aberration. Corners are blurred. By f/5.6, it's sharp and contrasty in the center. The FX corners keep improving as stopped down to f/16.
At 35mm Wide open, it's sharp but veiled all over due to spherical aberration. Far corners are blurred. By f/5.6, it's sharp and contrasty in the center. The FX corners keep improving as stopped down to f/16.
At 50mm Wide open, it's sharp but veiled all over due to spherical aberration. Corners are sharp, but lower contrast. By f/5.6, it's sharp and contrasty all over. It's so sharp that diffraction starts dulling the image by f/11.
At 70mm Wide open, it's sharp but a little veiled all over due to spherical aberration. By f/5.6, it's sharp and contrasty all over, becoming even better at f/8 and optimum at f/11. Diffraction starts dulling the image by f/16.
On the DX D200 On my D200, it's a little soft and lower in contrast wide open, but sharpens right up to being excellent at f/5.6 at every focal length. Used wide-open in daylight, which of course is silly, mine takes on a slightly dreamy look from the spherical aberration.
Sunstars performance top With its straight 9-bladed diaphragm, it should make magnificent 18-pointed sunstars on brilliant points of light.
Survivability performance top With no AFS motor, no VR and no RoHS lead-free solder, there isn't anything designed to break in this lens. It has no "10" inside circles logo indicating only a 10-year expected life because this lens is designed with an unlimited potential service life, if well treated. The only things that can break would be the mechanical focal-length encoder contacts, which are no big deal if broken, and the rest of this lens is all mechanical. Its CPU that talks to the camera's computer also ought to last indefinitely. Therefore, this lens should always be serviceable if you break something or if the mechanics get gummy. Its electronics are built to last, and everything else likely to break ought to be repairable locally without dedicated parts. This said, the barrel is made of good plastic. Hit the front of the lens hard enough, and you can crack it, and beat on it enough and you can wear it out; but at least it's not designed to fail like the newest electronic lenses.
Recommendations top Intro Specs Performance Recommendations This 28-70mm zoom excels optically and ergonomically. I especially appreciate is small size and 9-bladed diaphragm. If ease of use and size are your prime concerns, get it. The AF-S 24-85mm and 24-85mm VR zooms sharper wide open and faster focusing, but the zoom ring is cramped at their wide ends and they are loaded with distortion. For under $100 used, you can't go wrong with this lens. If you've found the time, effort and expense I expend researching and sharing this research for free, my biggest source of support is when you use these links, especially this link directly to them at eBay (see How to Win at eBay) or at Adorama, when you get anything, regardless of the country in which you live. Thanks! Ken.
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Mr. & Mrs. Ken Rockwell, Ryan and Katie.
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September 2007 update, original page from 1999.